intervention

Abstract

Introduction:  Problems with medication therapy are a major concern in health care because of the associated increase in morbidity, mortality and increased cost of treatment. Clinical pharmacy services are well established in developed countries such as the United States and has been reported to reduce adverse drug events, medication errors, patient’s length of stay, mortality rates and costs. Clinical pharmacists proactively ensure rational medication use, avoiding medication errors at point of prescribing. They participate in ward rounds, communicate with the team in the wards, interview patients, perform medication reconciliation, provide counselling, therapeutic drug monitoring, antibiotic stewardship, discharge screening and follow ups. Any discrepancy or problems detected will be conveyed to the relevant team member for correction.  Objective: To describe and evaluate the interventions performed by clinical pharmacists in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Method: A clinical pharmacy observational retrospective study was conducted between January and December 2019. Fourteen clinical pharmacists were assigned to respective wards in the medical, surgery and intensive care units to provide pharmaceutical care. All interventions performed in the wards were documented systematically. Result: A total of 3345 interventions were recorded. The most frequent interventions were on rational drug therapy (n = 1456, 43.5%), followed by corrections made on prescription (n = 1349, 40.3%) and changes in dosage and frequency (n = 540, 16.2%).  The majority of suggestions (n = 3264, 97.6%) have been accepted. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting clinical pharmacist interventions in a teaching hospital in Malaysia. The involvement of clinical pharmacist in the wards contributed to the optimisation of pharmacotherapy, safety and better patients’ outcomes. There was good inter-professional collaboration at the ward level.